Saudi Arabia ranked 55th globally out of 192 countries in the ND-GAIN index, which indicates the country's vulnerability to climate change and other global challenges, as well as its readiness to improve resilience.

The index aims to help governments, businesses, and communities better prioritize investments for a more efficient response to immediate global challenges in the future. It ranks countries based on 45 sub-indicators, with 36 contributing to vulnerability scores and 9 to readiness scores.

It measures a country's exposure, sensitivity, and capacity to adapt to the negative impacts of climate change by examining six sectors: food, water, health, ecosystem services, human habitat, and infrastructure, using 36 indicators distributed across them.

It also measures a country's ability to leverage investments and convert them into adaptation actions, as well as overall readiness, by considering three elements: economic readiness, governance readiness, and social readiness.