A recent study has revealed that excessive consumption of ultra-processed foods may alter the composition of fats in the blood, potentially contributing to an increased risk of heart disease, diabetes, and obesity, providing a new biological explanation for the link between these foods and deteriorating health.

Analysis of data from over 15,000 participants in a large-scale European study

The study, published in the journal Science and Nutrition, analyzed data from more than 15,000 participants in a large European study involving over 520,000 people from 10 countries, comparing dietary patterns with metabolic outcomes in blood samples.

The results showed that people who consume larger amounts of ultra-processed foods have higher levels of industrial trans fats and certain saturated fatty acids, alongside a significant decrease in beneficial fatty acids, particularly omega-3 fatty acids such as DHA, which plays an important role in heart and brain health.

The researchers also observed elevated levels of lipid compounds associated with impaired fatty acid oxidation and mitochondrial dysfunction, indicators that may reflect disruptions in energy production and lipid metabolism within the body.

The study team noted that the impact of ultra-processed foods is not limited to their high content of fats, sugars, and salt, but may also stimulate the body to produce more fat due to excessive carbohydrate consumption, leading to an imbalance in the natural blood fat profile.

Ultra-processed foods, classified according to the NOVA system, are industrial products containing additives such as flavorings, colors, and emulsifiers, and include soft drinks, ready meals, processed meats, and packaged snacks.

The researchers emphasized that the findings show diet leaves a measurable 'metabolic signature' in the body, but stressed that the study is observational and does not establish a direct causal relationship between consuming these foods and developing chronic diseases, calling for long-term studies and clinical trials to confirm the results.

Independent experts noted that the study adds new evidence for the importance of limiting consumption of ultra-processed foods, affirming that a diet based on fresh or minimally processed foods, along with physical activity, adequate sleep, and avoiding smoking, remains among the most important factors supporting heart and metabolic health as one ages.