The sky of Saudi Arabia witnessed at dawn today the conjunction of the Pleiades cluster with the moon, an astronomical phenomenon known in Arab folk heritage as 'Quran 25', which is one of the temporal markers used by ancient Arabs to determine seasons and the beginning of the second month of summer, accompanied by intensifying temperatures.

Mohammad Enad Al-Hazimi, a member of the Astronomy Club, explained that 'Quran 25' coincides with the entry of the Gemini mansion, and is considered by the Bedouins as an indicator of the peak of summer (jamrat al-qaiz), the period when the summer heat intensifies and hot winds known as 'samum' blow frequently, as humidity begins to rise in coastal areas and sea storms become active.

Al-Hazimi added that this period lasts about 27 days, and farmers pay special attention to it by increasing irrigation rates to water crops to cope with high temperatures and maintain crop growth.

He pointed out that the conjunction of the Pleiades cluster with the moon is one of the astronomical phenomena that have attracted the attention of Arabs since ancient times, as they relied on it to determine seasons, weather fluctuations, and the beginnings of seasons within an accurate calendar system based on the movement of stars and lunar mansions. This phenomenon still attracts interest from those interested in astronomy and folk heritage as a natural indicator of entering a new climatic phase.